Maps and statistics of Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom, located on the island of Ireland. It shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland, and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea, and the North Channel. Northern Ireland consists of six counties: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, and Tyrone. The capital and largest city is Belfast, which is known for its rich industrial history and as the birthplace of the ill-fated RMS Titanic.
With a population of about 1.9 million people, Northern Ireland is characterized by its mixture of rural landscapes and urban areas. Its geography features stunning natural beauty, including the Mourne Mountains, the Giant’s Causeway—a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and numerous lakes like Lough Neagh, the largest lake in Ireland.
Northern Ireland has a complex political history, particularly in relation to its identity and allegiance. The region was established by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which partitioned the island into Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland, the latter eventually becoming the Republic of Ireland. This division was primarily to accommodate the differing national identities, with the majority in Northern Ireland identifying as unionists (preferring to remain part of the UK) and a significant minority identifying as nationalists (preferring unity with the Republic of Ireland).
The Troubles, a violent conflict that spanned from the late 1960s to 1998, was marked by ethno-nationalist tensions between these two groups. The conflict largely ended with the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, which also established a devolved government in Northern Ireland, responsible for local governance.
Northern Ireland’s economy has grown significantly in recent years, with key sectors being manufacturing, agriculture, and increasingly, services and technology. Tourist attractions, its rich cultural scene, and heritage sites also make it a charming destination for visitors. Cultural events, music, and festivals are part of its vibrant civic life, celebrated alongside historical influences from Irish and British traditions.